THE TWELVE SONS / TRIBES OF ISHMAEL

Brother Pete | home

Part 1 Part 2

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

THE TWELVE SONS / TRIBES OF ISHMAEL

To discuss this subject and much more, please join us in the Islam-Christian Forum, by clicking here.

Genesis 25:13 And these [are] the names of the sons of Ishmael, by their names, according to their generations: the firstborn of Ishmael, Nebajoth; and Kedar, and Adbeel, and Mibsam, 14 And Mishma, and Dumah, and Massa, 15 Hadar, and Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah: 16 These [are] the sons of Ishmael, and these [are] their names, by their towns, and by their castles; twelve princes according to their nations. 17 And these [are] the years of the life of Ishmael, an hundred and thirty and seven years: and he gave up the ghost and died; and was gathered unto his people. 18 And they dwelt from Havilah unto Shur, that [is] before Egypt, as thou goest toward Assyria: [and] he died in the presence of all his brethren.

The tribes of Ishmael inhabited a region that is detailed on this map as being: "... from Havilah unto Shur, that [is] before Egypt, as thou goest toward Assyria..."

Map (prior to modification) attributed to the Wikimedia uploader at this link.

The territory is described "....as thou goest toward Assyria...", that is, between those two points by way of Assyria.

as thou goest

Old Testament Hebrew Definition:

0935 bow' {bo}

a primitive root; TWOT - 212; v

AV - come 1435, bring 487, ... in 233, enter 125, go 123, carry 17,

...down 23, pass 13, ...out 12, misc 109; 2577

1) to go in, enter, come, go, come in

In a direction specifically away from where Mecca was eventually settled in the 4th century AD. The center of the territory of the tribes of Ishmael was toward the north of the harsh Syrian and Arabian deserts.

Photo attributed to the Wikimedia uploader at this link

Particularly since the Ishmaelite tribes of Kedar and Nebaioth were known for their flocks of sheep.

Isaiah 60:7 All the flocks of Kedar shall be gathered together unto thee, the rams of Nebaioth shall minister unto thee: they shall come up with acceptance on mine altar, and I will glorify the house of my glory.

Thus the Ishmaelites most likely inhabited the southern limits of the "fertile crescent":

Map (prior to modification) attributed to the Wikimedia uploader at this link.

Abraham's journey was also within the Fertile Crescent, where civilization as well as essentials for survival were available, like water!

Map attributed to this source.

The traditional presumed location of the Wilderness of Shur is above the upper left of the following satellite image. While the Sinai Peninsula is not a part of Arabia today, the bulk of the evidence suggests that it was a part of ancient Arabia. More recently but less concretely, some have suggested Mt. Sinai and the wilderness of Shur may instead be in the location detailed on the following map from the web site bible.ca, to the east of the Gulf of Aqaba.

The traditional location, as indicated on the following map from the andrews.edu web site, is even much further from where Mecca was eventually established, in about the 4th century AD.

We know more about Ishmael's son Nabajoth, than perhaps any other, which may have become the Nabataeans. From the preceding link:

"... Assyrian records tell us of King Ashurbanipal (668-663 BC) who was fighting with the 'Nabaiateans of Arabia.'"

That would be a thousand kilometers away from Mecca, a thousand years before it was established in the 4th century AD, and about the time that history tells us the first caravan route connected Northern and Southern Arabia along the Red Sea.

Map of Assyria around 1100 BC at this web site.

Map of Assyria in 824 BC in dark green and 671 BC in light green.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_Assyria.png

We can see from the maps that long after Ishmael's day, Assyria - who the Nabaiateans were fighting hundreds of years later - was still well over 1000 kilometers from where Mecca is located today. So how would Ishmael have been living in Mecca, a couple thousand years before it was established, and over a 1,000 kilometers away from where his sons lived?

Let alone that there was no overland connection between northern and southern Arabia prior to about the 7th century B.C., accompanied by the fact that Medina wasn't even established until the 6th century B.C., over a thousand years after Abraham roamed the earth.

(link)

The Tribe of Nabajoth

Sixteen hundred years after Ishmael roamed the earth and 1200 kilometers away from the Holy Land of the prophets and patriarchs, a Meccan named Ibn Ishak, the earliest reporter of Muhammad's life, declared that Muhammad came from the Ishmaelite tribe of Nabajoth. While many of Muhammad's Middle Eastern followers may have traces of the seed of the lost tribes of Ishmael in their ancestry, since Muhammad's tribe the Quraish immigrated to Mecca from Yemen Muhammad was more likely Kushite, since the historical and linguistic evidence suggests that Southern Arabia was settled by Ethiopians that migrated across the strait.

"Like all other Semitic languages, Arabic is the descendant of a so-called "Proto-Semitic" language, which is currently believed to have developed in East Africa and which never evolved in a written form. Arabic and Amharic, the two most recent Semitic languages, both arose in the mid-300s."

(link)

Tribe of Kedar

Muhammad's followers will sometimes lay claim to Kedar, but from what we know about the Kedarites it isn't anything to boast about.

The Twelve Lost Tribes of Ishmael

"Nehemiah's opponent, 'Geshem the Arab' has been identified as one of the kings of Kedar from the mid fifth century BC. (based on a number of North Arabian inscriptions)

Regarding their religion, Assyrian inscriptions tell us that Sennacherib captured of several Arabian deities in the Kedarite city of Dumah. The chief deity was Atarsamain, or the morning star of heaven. (the counterpart of Mesopotamian Ishtar). The tribal league led by the Kedarites was known as "the confederation of Atarsamain, and their cult was led by a series of queen-priestesses in Dumah. The rest of their pantheon of gods consisted of Dai, Nuhai (Nuhay), Ruldai (Ruda), Abirillu, and Atarquruma. Rock graffiti in the Thamudic language reveals that Ruda was known as the evening star, and Nuhay was the sun-god, and they were worshiped in addition to Atarsamain 'the morning star.' Herodotus, in the fifth century BC identified two deities worshiped among the Arabs, as a fertility god called Orotalt (perhaps Ruda, as identified by Macdonald in North Arabian in the First Millennium BC, 1360), and a sky goddess know as Allat. (Herodotus III,3.) Later Allat became referred to in the masculine form as Allah)"

Map (prior to modification) attributed to the Wikimedia uploader at this link.

Once again indicating the value of Islamic so-called "tradition", that masquerades as thousands of years of pre-Muhammad history, the entirety of which was put to the pen in the 7th through 9th centuries AD, without reference to any actual historical record from before the 6th century AD. Yet Muhammad's followers believe it as though it were actual history - even including notions like Muhammad's unwitnessed night journey - even though a bunch of 7th - 9th century SW Arabian desert dwellers could not have had the first clue, as to what went on thousands of years before them, and over a thousand kilometers away, in the Holy Land of the prohets and patriarchs.

It isn't too late. You can begin a relationship, with the one true God of love YHWH, as He expressed Himself through His Messiah like these former followers of Muhammad, who simply asked Jesus for the truth. All you have to do is ask Yeshua (means Yahweh saves), Jesus Christ, to come into your heart and life.

Matthew 7:7 Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you: 8 For every one that asketh receiveth; and he that seeketh findeth; and to him that knocketh it shall be opened.

John 3:3 Jesus answered and said unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God.

John 14:6 Jesus saith unto him, I am the way, the truth, and the life: no man cometh unto the Father, but by me.


	Brother Pete \| home Islam-Christian Forum Part 1 Part 2 ISLAM 101 \| JIHAD CONQUEST TERRORISM \| MECCA \| UNFORGIVABLE SIN OF SHIRK \| THE HAJJ AND UMRAH \| ANTI-ZIONISM \| BANU QURAYZA MASSACRE \| THE SABIANS & ISLAM \| SIMON MAGUS, GNOSTICISM, THE EBIONITES & ISLAM \| MUHAMMAD'S NIGHT JOURNEY \| HAGAR & ISHMAEL \| CHILDREN OF THE FLESH \| THE TWELVE SONS / TRIBES OF ISHMAEL \| ORIGINS OF ISLAM \| BACA, BAKKAH & MECCA, MAKKAH \| VOLUNTARY DHIMMITUDE \| YHWH, YAHWEH, YESHUA, YAHSHUA \| OLDEST MOSQUE QIBLA \| ISLAM'S FABLES & FANTASIES \| MUHAMMAD'S CONUNDRUM \| QURAN INSPIRATION \| WHO WAS CRUCIFIED? \| YHWH MANIFEST IN FLESH \| ISLAM IS THE OPPOSITE \| SPIRIT OF GOD \| OLD TESTAMENT VIOLENCE \| INTERFAITH RELIGIOUS PLURALISM \| BIBLE IN THE QURAN \| SCRIPTURES OR QURAN CORRUPTED? \| FREE TRACTS FOR MUSLIMS \| QURAN 666 \| RESOURCES \| CONTACT US ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ THE TWELVE SONS / TRIBES OF ISHMAEL To discuss this subject and much more, please join us in the Islam-Christian Forum, by clicking here. Genesis 25:13 And these [are] the names of the sons of Ishmael, by their names, according to their generations: the firstborn of Ishmael, Nebajoth; and Kedar, and Adbeel, and Mibsam, 14 And Mishma, and Dumah, and Massa, 15 Hadar, and Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah: 16 These [are] the sons of Ishmael, and these [are] their names, by their towns, and by their castles; twelve princes according to their nations. 17 And these [are] the years of the life of Ishmael, an hundred and thirty and seven years: and he gave up the ghost and died; and was gathered unto his people. 18 And they dwelt from Havilah unto Shur, that [is] before Egypt, as thou goest toward Assyria: [and] he died in the presence of all his brethren. The tribes of Ishmael inhabited a region that is detailed on this map as being: "... from Havilah unto Shur, that [is] before Egypt, as thou goest toward Assyria..." Map (prior to modification) attributed to the Wikimedia uploader at this link. The territory is described "....as thou goest toward Assyria...", that is, between those two points by way of Assyria. as thou goest Old Testament Hebrew Definition: 0935 bow' {bo} a primitive root; TWOT - 212; v AV - come 1435, bring 487, ... in 233, enter 125, go 123, carry 17, ...down 23, pass 13, ...out 12, misc 109; 2577 1) to go in, enter, come, go, come in In a direction specifically away from where Mecca was eventually settled in the 4th century AD. The center of the territory of the tribes of Ishmael was toward the north of the harsh Syrian and Arabian deserts. Photo attributed to the Wikimedia uploader at this link Particularly since the Ishmaelite tribes of Kedar and Nebaioth were known for their flocks of sheep. Isaiah 60:7 All the flocks of Kedar shall be gathered together unto thee, the rams of Nebaioth shall minister unto thee: they shall come up with acceptance on mine altar, and I will glorify the house of my glory. Thus the Ishmaelites most likely inhabited the southern limits of the "fertile crescent": Map (prior to modification) attributed to the Wikimedia uploader at this link. Abraham's journey was also within the Fertile Crescent, where civilization as well as essentials for survival were available, like water! Map attributed to this source. The traditional presumed location of the Wilderness of Shur is above the upper left of the following satellite image. While the Sinai Peninsula is not a part of Arabia today, the bulk of the evidence suggests that it was a part of ancient Arabia. More recently but less concretely, some have suggested Mt. Sinai and the wilderness of Shur may instead be in the location detailed on the following map from the web site bible.ca, to the east of the Gulf of Aqaba. The traditional location, as indicated on the following map from the andrews.edu web site, is even much further from where Mecca was eventually established, in about the 4th century AD. We know more about Ishmael's son Nabajoth, than perhaps any other, which may have become the Nabataeans. From the preceding link: "... Assyrian records tell us of King Ashurbanipal (668-663 BC) who was fighting with the 'Nabaiateans of Arabia.'" That would be a thousand kilometers away from Mecca, a thousand years before it was established in the 4th century AD, and about the time that history tells us the first caravan route connected Northern and Southern Arabia along the Red Sea. Map of Assyria around 1100 BC at this web site. Map of Assyria in 824 BC in dark green and 671 BC in light green. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_Assyria.png We can see from the maps that long after Ishmael's day, Assyria - who the Nabaiateans were fighting hundreds of years later - was still well over 1000 kilometers from where Mecca is located today. So how would Ishmael have been living in Mecca, a couple thousand years before it was established, and over a 1,000 kilometers away from where his sons lived? Let alone that there was no overland connection between northern and southern Arabia prior to about the 7th century B.C., accompanied by the fact that Medina wasn't even established until the 6th century B.C., over a thousand years after Abraham roamed the earth. (link) The Tribe of Nabajoth Sixteen hundred years after Ishmael roamed the earth and 1200 kilometers away from the Holy Land of the prophets and patriarchs, a Meccan named Ibn Ishak, the earliest reporter of Muhammad's life, declared that Muhammad came from the Ishmaelite tribe of Nabajoth. While many of Muhammad's Middle Eastern followers may have traces of the seed of the lost tribes of Ishmael in their ancestry, since Muhammad's tribe the Quraish immigrated to Mecca from Yemen Muhammad was more likely Kushite, since the historical and linguistic evidence suggests that Southern Arabia was settled by Ethiopians that migrated across the strait. "Like all other Semitic languages, Arabic is the descendant of a so-called "Proto-Semitic" language, which is currently believed to have developed in East Africa and which never evolved in a written form. Arabic and Amharic, the two most recent Semitic languages, both arose in the mid-300s." (link) Tribe of Kedar Muhammad's followers will sometimes lay claim to Kedar, but from what we know about the Kedarites it isn't anything to boast about. The Twelve Lost Tribes of Ishmael "Nehemiah's opponent, 'Geshem the Arab' has been identified as one of the kings of Kedar from the mid fifth century BC. (based on a number of North Arabian inscriptions) Regarding their religion, Assyrian inscriptions tell us that Sennacherib captured of several Arabian deities in the Kedarite city of Dumah. The chief deity was Atarsamain, or the morning star of heaven. (the counterpart of Mesopotamian Ishtar). The tribal league led by the Kedarites was known as "the confederation of Atarsamain, and their cult was led by a series of queen-priestesses in Dumah. The rest of their pantheon of gods consisted of Dai, Nuhai (Nuhay), Ruldai (Ruda), Abirillu, and Atarquruma. Rock graffiti in the Thamudic language reveals that Ruda was known as the evening star, and Nuhay was the sun-god, and they were worshiped in addition to Atarsamain 'the morning star.' Herodotus, in the fifth century BC identified two deities worshiped among the Arabs, as a fertility god called Orotalt (perhaps Ruda, as identified by Macdonald in North Arabian in the First Millennium BC, 1360), and a sky goddess know as Allat. (Herodotus III,3.) Later Allat became referred to in the masculine form as Allah)" Map (prior to modification) attributed to the Wikimedia uploader at this link. Once again indicating the value of Islamic so-called "tradition", that masquerades as thousands of years of pre-Muhammad history, the entirety of which was put to the pen in the 7th through 9th centuries AD, without reference to any actual historical record from before the 6th century AD. Yet Muhammad's followers believe it as though it were actual history - even including notions like Muhammad's unwitnessed night journey - even though a bunch of 7th - 9th century SW Arabian desert dwellers could not have had the first clue, as to what went on thousands of years before them, and over a thousand kilometers away, in the Holy Land of the prohets and patriarchs. It isn't too late. You can begin a relationship, with the one true God of love YHWH, as He expressed Himself through His Messiah like these former followers of Muhammad, who simply asked Jesus for the truth. All you have to do is ask Yeshua (means Yahweh saves), Jesus Christ, to come into your heart and life. Matthew 7:7 Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you: 8 For every one that asketh receiveth; and he that seeketh findeth; and to him that knocketh it shall be opened. John 3:3 Jesus answered and said unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God. John 14:6 Jesus saith unto him, I am the way, the truth, and the life: no man cometh unto the Father, but by me.